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The Hong Kong Police Force has ordered 10 new electric scooters for their officers to help reduce pollution in central Hong Kong. Nicholas Bequelin The Hong Kong government has nonetheless continued to resist establishing a separate investigatory mechanism, such as a commission of inquiry. This paper is about HKP power, its proper exercise and effective control, i.e. Nevertheless, the situation presented an opportunity to "start from scratch" and after the 'British Military Administration', during which Colonel C.H. Pursuant to the one country, two systems principle, HKPF is officially independent of the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, which under usual circumstances may not interfere with Hong Kong's local law enforcement affairs. [46], Police officers in summer uniform in 1954. Everything, except for the shorts, was used until 2004 (left), Hong Kong Police Pipe Band performance in Government House (right). a modern policing system It was formed on 1 May 1844 by the British Hong Kong government with a strength of 32 officers. [13], With the passage of the Hong Kong national security law, the force has established the National Security Department, charged with investigating and arresting offenders for NSL violations. The force was granted the use of the title ‘royal’ in 1969 for its handling of the Hong Kong 1967 riots—renaming it the Royal Hong Kong Police Force (Traditional Chinese: 皇家香港警務處). The 'Royal' title was bestowed upon the HKPF for their efforts in quelling communist riots in 1967. In 1945, firefighting responsibilities passed to a separate fire brigade. [29] In addition, all officers enjoy extensive housing benefits, free medical and dental benefits (including coverage of family members), with substantial vacation, sick and maternity leave allowances exceeding statutory minimums. While changes have been implemented throughout the People's Republic of China (PRC) since the transfer of sovereignty in 1997, the Hong Kong Police Force (formerly the Royal Hong Kong Police Force) has since been responsible for serving the city. The Royal Hong Kong Police Force (RHKP) reverted to its former name after the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to People's Republic of China.[6]. Colonial policing in Hong Kong is "policing with Chinese characteristics." A concise history of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Bank Scam and Internet Investigation Unit. [15], In November 2020, the Hong Kong Police Force launched a hotline where residents can report breaches of the national security law that China imposed earlier in the year.[16]. This means PTU D Team 1st Team 3rd car. [31], A donation of HK$10 million by the pro-Beijing Friends of Hong Kong Association, which consists of National People’s Congress delegates and members of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference national committee, in 2019, raised concern,[33] as did a 2017 donation of HK$15 million,[34] that fringe benefits may be inadequate. [32] The Commissioner disburses the bulk of its annual expenditure in the form of cash grants to police officers and their families. The Hong Kong Police Force and SDU have also appeared in popular video game series such as Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege and Sleeping Dogs. In warmer weather, reflective vests with white sleeves are an alternative. The crest of the force was modified in 1997. Consequently, many members of the force were equally rough individuals. In 1956, supporters of the China Nationalist movement defied government regulations providing the pretext for the eruption of conflict with pro-Communist activists and sympathisers - serious disorder was suppressed by the force and British military. He generally acts as second in command in a head quarter. [citation needed]. Instead, Pakistani and Shandong Chinese were recruited as constables, and this went on until the early 1960s. The first female inspector joined in 1949, followed by the first intake of Woman Police Constables in 1951 - currently about 14 percent of the force is female, being represented in all ranks between constable and assistant commissioner. EU is like this: EUKW 23. Piracy on the seas was a constant challenge for the Water Police. This page was last edited on 12 December 2020, at 06:00. Members of the police were offenders with the highest profile and took most opprobrium. [14][15] Following Chris Tang's appointment as the Commissioner of Police in November 2019, the police force changed its motto from "We serve with pride and care", which had been used for more than 20 years, to "Serving Hong Kong with honour, duty and loyalty. The officers joined the police force while Hong Kong was still under British rule, in the 1990s, and now occupy senior roles. Chief inspector is a rank which is not used by the police forces in most of the countries. Current uniforms were changed in the mid 2000s. During this time, the police, along with members of departments like Public Works, Fire, Transport and others, all had their own distinct methods of earning illicit income to boost their meagre wages. Moreover, doubts about the willingness of the Hong Kong people to accept Indian officers who had worked, and often abused their authority under the Japanese administration[how?] The history of the Hong Kong Police originates in 1841, when the Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) was officially established by the British colonial government, the same year that the British had settled in Hong Kong. (Tyrone Siu/Reuters) An independent inquiry into police handling of … The most serious challenge to the force has been civil disorder. “Bella Italia” – Beautiful Italy. The independence of Hong Kong's judiciary is seen as crucial to its role as an international financial hub and an interface between mainland China's closed capital system and … They are fitted with a black whistle on the front right pocket and insignia on the collar for commissioned officers. On 30 April 1841, 12 weeks after the British landed in Hong Kong, Captain Charles Elliot established a policing authority in the new colony, empowering Captain William Caine to enforce Qing law in respect of local inhabitants and "British Police Law" for "non-natives". HONG KONG—Hong Kong’s High Court ruled on Thursday that the city government had failed to provide an independent mechanism to handle police complaints, breaching the Asian financial hub’s Bill of Rights on torture and cruel treatment.. Hong Kong’s Journalist Association had launched a judicial review in 2019 following widespread anti-government protests, arguing that the government … Prior to 1995, the British Army had operated the border patrol. [38] Government consultations with Police Force staff are formally conducted through the council[39] and the associations figure prominently at times of controversy. Currently, they include the: The four serving officers' associations wield significant power, controlling half of the voting rights on the Police Force Council. In the 1970s and 1980s, large numbers of Vietnamese boat people arrived in Hong Kong, posing challenges first for marine police, secondly for officers who manned the dozens of camps in the territory and lastly for those who had to repatriate them. It aims to identify the major institutional factors that have facilitated or otherwise hindered the development of community policing in Hong Kong. [8] By October 1842, an organised police force (still under the direction of Caine who was also Chief Magistrate) was routinely bringing criminals before the courts for trial. [8]:17 Caine's role as head of the police force ended when its first Superintendent was appointed on 22 February 1844, Captain Haly of the 41st Madras Native Infantry. Between 1949 and 1989, Hong Kong experienced several huge waves of immigration from mainland China, most notably 1958–62. English language films featuring the HKPF include Rush Hour and Skyscraper. Uniform colour was black, however officers who had received a Commissioner of Police Commendation, or HE Governor's Commendation, were issued with and could wear a plaited black, yellow and red (Force colours) lanyard (for CP's Commendation) or red for Governor's. A Sam Browne belt is worn too. Attracting funds in excess of HK$50 million per annum, almost entirely donations,[31] the fund trustee, the Commissioner of Police, has unfettered freedom to choose how the funds are to be expended. Police officers enjoy remuneration far exceeding median incomes in the Special Administrative Region (HK$18,000 per month in 2019[28]), the base rate for newly recruited police constables with minimal high school education being HK$24,110 per month and that for high school matriculants being HK$42,655. Until 1998, all officers wore a whistle lanyard over the left shoulder running under the epaulet with the double cord attached to a whistle tucked in to the left breast tunic pocket. From the return of HKPF, all patrol officers and inspectors had their whistle taken off. Superintendents also have a small white stripe fitted on the police hat. Senior Superintendents and Chief Superintendents have a wide white stripe on their hats, Assistant and Senior Assistant Commissioners have 1 row of silver oak leaves on the edge of their hats while Deputy Commissioner and Commissioner has 2 rows of silver oak leaves, a slide with a silver vertical line on the collar of the uniform, a black baton, and a red whistle or a black and white whistle on the front right pocket. Judge Anderson Chow found that the city government has a duty under the Bill of Rights to ensure an … [40], The HKPF continues to use similar ranks and insignia to those used in British police forces. Tactical Units: these uniforms are identical to those of the Uniform Branch officers, although berets are worn rather than caps and trousers are tucked into boots. History of the police force under British and Chinese rule. Most police vehicles in Hong Kong are white, with a blue and red 3M retroreflective stripe around on the sides of the vehicle with wording "警 Police 察" in white, the only exception being the armoured personnel carriers specially designed for the Police Tactical Unit, which are wholly dark blue and with wording "警 Police 察" on a light blue background in white on the sides of the vehicle. “Rome was not built in one day”. In the 2010s, the police force played a prominent role in relation to the 2014 Hong Kong protests and 2019–20 Hong Kong protests. [6][7] The Hong Kong Police Force has faced allegations of misconduct during the 2019 protests,[8][9] leading to several lawsuits filed in October 2019 against the HKPF for allegations of misconduct. The Marine Police, with a fleet of 114 police … Governor Sir Mark Young broadly supported them, and they were implemented under Commissioner Duncan MacIntosh thereby generating the foundation of today's structure and philosophy. Internet fraud is rampant and Hong Kong is a key target for the transfer of funds. The Royal Hong Kong Police Force (RHKP) reverted to its former name after the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to People's Republic of China. "[16] The Economist suggested that this change would curry favour with the central government of China. The Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) is the primary law enforcement, investigation agency, and largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong. While cap badges and other insignia changed with the ending of British rule, the basic khaki and dark blue uniforms of the colonial period remained in use. Policing in Hong Kong: History and Reform (CRC: Taylor and Francis, 2015), This page was last edited on 12 November 2020, at 19:26. Following this, in the spring of 1967, at the time of the Cultural Revolution in China, left-wing workers instigated long and bloody riots. [17], During the 1940s, the HKPF faced a number of corruption scandals involving officers. Corruption emerged as a prominent issue in Hong Kong in the 1960s; the Hong Kong Police—as did almost every government department—experienced this[why?] [2007] (2007). [35], Two trust funds established by statute in 1967 add further to the benefits enjoyed by members of the force. At the time of its establishment, the police force consisted of thirty-two men. [10], The 1950s saw the commencement of Hong Kong's 40-year rise to global prominence, during which time the Hong Kong Police tackled many issues that have challenged Hong Kong's stability. This article was originally published by Radio Free Asia and is reprinted with permission. EU means Emergency Unit, KW means Kowloon West, and 23 means the 23rd car of the Kowloon Emergency Unit. The headgear worn during the 19th century varied according to ethnicity: the whites wore kepis, the Sikh Indians had turbans, and the Chinese wore a form of straw conical Asian hat. Although he was not to head the force after the war, his plans were both sound and progressive[how?]. The Hong Kong Police Force and its previous incarnation have been the subject of many films and television shows, including the locally produced Police Story film series, The Criminal Investigator, Infernal Affairs film series, Cold War, and OCTB. For several decades, Hong Kong was a 'rough-and-tumble' port with a 'wild west' attitude to law and order. While changes have been implemented throughout the People's Republic of China (PRC) since the transfer of sovereignty in 1997, the Hong Kong Police Force (formerly the Royal Hong Kong Police Force) has since been responsible for serving the city. They are white (similar to No.3 Warm weather ceremonial uniform) or dark tunic. The Sikhs however continued to be distinguished by red turbans. All police vehicles are government property and so bear licence plates starting with "AM". The first chief of police was Captain William Caine, who also served as the Captain of the Chief Magistrate.[1]. The Hong Kong Police was officially established by the colonial government on 1 May 1844, and the duties of the magistrate and head of police were separated. Inspector to senior superintendent ranks have an insignia on the collar of the uniform. Riot helmets are worn for riot control. From 1942 to 1945, the Kempeitai recruited former Chinese and Indian officers in the Japanese military police unit[2] and headquartered at the Legislative Council Building. When Japan invaded Hong Kong on December 8, 1941, the Commissioner of Police was John Pennefather-Evans, and through his wartime internment, he worked secretly to draft a conceptual plan for the reorganisation of the force, presenting his plan in July 1946[where?]. [43][44]. Hong Kong's High Court ruled on Nov. 19 that the city government had failed to provide an independent mechanism to handle police complaints, breaching the Asian financial hub's Bill of Rights on torture and cruel treatment. Princess Alexandra was appointed by Queen Elizabeth II to become the Commandant General of the Royal Hong Kong Police.[when?]. After teething troubles, including a mass walkout by officers in 1977, by the early '80s a combination of the ICAC, firm police management, better emoluments and an amnesty had succeeded in destroying the overall culture, removing powerful figures, educating against greed and increasing instances of accountability. The 1950s saw the start of Hong Kong's forty-year rise to global eminence. The conical hat of Chinese personnel disappeared after about 1920 and similar khaki drill (for hot weather) and dark blue uniforms (for cold seasons) were worn by all personnel. Hong Kong (AsiaNews) – Hong Kong’s High Court today ruled that the police complaint mechanism in use violates the Bill of Rights on torture and cruel treatment. Digitpol, a Cyber Crime Investigation Agency provides operational and forensic support to firms that have fallen victim to BEC fraud, email fraud, invoice fraud and the stolen funds have been wired to bank accounts in Hong Kong. Policing in Hong Kong offers a report of selected aspects of law enforcement in one of the world’s most interesting locales, especially from the viewpoint of comparative social-science research. The vehicles which are assigned to airport duties have additional yellow emergency vehicle lighting. For … The court also ruled that police officers not prominently displaying their identification numbers also violated the Bill of Rights. Chief Inspectors have a wide black stripe fitted on their police hats. The older khaki uniforms were used for many decades. Numerous associations of serving and retired police officers have been formed over the years. Viewed from an institutional perspective, this research critically reviews the community policing programmes that were implemented in Hong Kong since late 1960s to present. Hong Kong’s existing police complaint system is not fit for purpose and the police force should not be trusted to investigate itself. All HKPF officers are employed as civil servants and hence required to uphold their political neutrality. SDU, Marine Police, and the Counterterrorism Response Unit have their ranks at the back of the helmet or vest. It is a British rank and the countries following the British police model often incorporate this rank in their police service. The fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 brought civil unrest, and the start of World War I in 1914 saw many European officers enlist and return to the United Kingdom. When war came again in 1941, an unknown number of police officers and reserves - Chinese, Indian, European and Eurasian - had their lives taken by the Japanese during both the main conflict and the occupation. The policing of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the main towns of the New Territories follows a similar pattern. Sky blue shirts are worn by most officers, whilst white shirts are worn by senior officers. The same summer uniform and winter uniform was worn until 2005. Carroll, John Mark. The independence of Hong Kong's judiciary is seen as crucial to its role as an international financial hub and an interface between mainland China's closed capital system and the rest of the world. "Police chief who tore the mask of corruption from force", Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Civil Engineering and Development Department, Electrical and Mechanical Services Department, Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau, Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR, List of Members of the Legislative Council, Office of the Government of the HKSAR in Beijing, Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement, Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office (Taiwan), Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council, Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, Independent Commission Against Corruption, Controversies of the Hong Kong Police Force, extensive allegations of misconduct during the 2019 protests, Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Estimates for the year ending 31 March 2019: Head 122", "Organization Structure: Organization Chart of HKPF", "China's State Council Appoints New Police Chief in Hong Kong", http://www.icac.org.hk/en/about/history/index.html, "Is there a future for foreign police officers in Hong Kong? The book demonstrates how colonial policing in Hong Kong and elsewhere takes on the community's local color and hue in practice. The HKPF is divided into five primary departments: Operations and Support, Crime and Security, Personnel and Training, Management Services, and Finance, Administration & Planning. It was established by the British Hong Kong government on 1 May 1844. T means Traffic Police, KW means Kowloon West, and 2 means the second car of the Kowloon West Traffic Unit. and it peaked between 1962 and 1974, involving officers of all ranks and ethnicities.[why?] On 1 July 1997, when China resumed sovereignty over Hong Kong, the "Royal" prefix was removed from the force's title, changing it to "Hong Kong Police Force". Dark blue cargo trousers and black caps are worn by all officers. 2008. [11] At the turn of the 1980s, the Hong Kong Police Force began marketing itself as "Asia's Finest".[12]. [citation needed], In 1974, the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) was created to give government wide-ranging powers to investigate corruption. Hong Kong Police Force - Certificate of No Criminal Conviction. known as the Hong Kong Police (HKP), is the largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong. Senior Constable, Sergeant and Station Sergeant ranks had their ranks moved to their shoulder slides. In addition, these new vehicles show the Force crest on the front part of the vehicle, which the Force has not used in the design of new vehicles for the last two decades. [9], During World War II, the Kempeitai recruited former Chinese and Indian officers in the Japanese military police unit from 1942 to 1945. Winter Uniform: Cornflower blue (or white, for commissioned officers) shirts with necktie, worn under a navy blue tunic and Sam Browne Belt, with navy blue uniform trousers. Hong Kong's High Court ruled on Thursday that the city's police force is in breach of human rights protections by refusing to allow an independent body to examine complaints against officers. In the 1920s and 1930s, Hong Kong's general peace was punctuated by bouts of civil unrest sparked by labour disputes, instability in China and Japanese militarism. [5], In the 2010s, the police force played a prominent role in handling the 2014 Hong Kong protests and 2019–20 Hong Kong protests. (December 1941 until August 1945) forced authorities to wind down the Sikh contingent. Responsibility for the city's prisons passed out of the control of the police in 1879. By 1900 dark blue had become standard, although the style and headdress still varied according to the race of the police officer concerned. Until 1997, the St Edward's Crown was used in the insignia, when it was replaced with the Bauhinia flower crest of the Hong Kong government. [8]:40–41 The formal establishment of the force was gazetted on 1 May 1844. Besides the richness of a variety of delicious foods, romantic sunsets of Capri, the golden voice of Luciano Pavarotti and other classical music legends, the sound of the Opera and mandolins all around that fill the atmosphere and the gifts of ancient history that the mangnifico Italia boasts ,Italy is also home to THE ITALIAN MAFIA. Live scan technology and biometric identification products feature in the arrangement, and will be utilized in 32 city police force branches and three immigration locations. Images show police hitting people with batons and using pepper spray on a train in Hong Kong's metro. An anti-government demonstrator walks past tear gas on Christmas Eve in Hong Kong, China, Dec. 24, 2019. Summer Uniform: Green Khaki drill tropical shirts and trousers or Bermuda shorts, worn with black Sam Browne Belts. [24] In particular, the police were criticized for their failure to respond during the mob attack at the Yuen Long MTR station in July 2019. The 1890s brought challenges, both operational and organisational - there were outbreaks of bubonic plague in 1893–94; whilst the annexation of the New Territories (an additional 356sq.miles of land) in 1898–99, created difficult, but surmountable problems. Emergency Unit, Police Tactical Unit, and Traffic Police have identification markings on the back of the car (no motorcycles of Traffic Police), for example, PTUD 1/3. All of them, however, shared the same green tunics in winter - giving rise to the nickname, day tau luk yee (big head, green coat). [4], In April 2012, the Hong Kong Police Force publicly confirmed a ten-year contractual agreement with the 3M Cogent company to develop the biometric arm of the organization. The force played a prominent role in the process of the handover of sovereignty in 1997 and continues to perform ceremonial flag-raising on each anniversary. [3] The crest was also changed, replacing the royal crown with a bauhinia emblem. This uniform was worn until about 2005 when the force switched to a slightly modernized version of the Winter Uniform, to be worn all year round. Hong Kong Police Force uniform currently comprises: Uniform Branch: Dark navy blue jacket with the words 'Police', in English and Chinese, in reflective white tape, on the front left breast and back. Females wore summer beige shirts with skirts. On 30 April 1841, twelve weeks after the British had landed in Hong Kong, orders were given by Captain Charles Elliot to establish a police force in the new colony.[why?] Sansom headed the force, Hong Kong was in a position to stand on its own feet again in May 1946. [25] Several lawsuits were filed in October 2019 against the HKPF for failure to refusal to show identification during protests.[26][27]. Between 1949 and 1989, for example, Hong Kong experienced several huge waves of immigration from mainland China, most notably the period from 1958 to 1962. Up until December 2004, when a year-round blue uniform was adopted, the Hong Kong Police continued to wear two seasonal uniforms - a green/khaki summer uniform (tan for women officers) and a dark blue uniform for winter, with constables and sergeants wearing blue shirts and more senior staff wearing white ones. During the 1950s and 1960s, the force struggled with corruption issues relating to bribes from syndicated drugs and illegal gambling operations. Until 2007, EU, PTU, and TP vehicles have identification markings like this (1/3 PTUD, 23 EUKW, 2 TKW).[45]. [2007] (2007). The Green uniform can be seen in some of the older Hong Kong and Hollywood movies. The independence of Hong Kong's judiciary is seen as crucial to its role as an international financial hub and an interface between mainland China's closed capital system and … It took the determined stance of Governor MacLehose, together with Commissioner Charles Payne Sutcliffe, to instigate the firmest of measures to eradicate syndicated corruption—and the establishment of the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) in 1974 was the prime one. Motives and opportunities for corruption were many and varied, but mainly included poor pay and worries about China invading and abolishing pensions, while opportunities resulted from the vibrant growth in economic progress and its industrious, self-starting people were forming thousands of small street-level businesses all ripe for "protection.". South China Morning Post - Cliff Buddle. Strong leadership, both of Hong Kong and of the force, began to pay dividends towards the latter part of the 19th century, and business prospered accordingly. police accountability, thus the title “Policing the HKP.” This is a first attempt to provide for a comprehensive, descriptive, and analytical account of the police accountability system in Hong Kong. The insignia from the return of HKPF, all patrol officers and Inspectors their... Stripe fitted on their police service until the early 1960s Bequelin the Hong.! The Counterterrorism Response Unit have their ranks at the back of the uniform ranks at back... This paper is about HKP power, its proper exercise and effective control,.! Until 2005: Green khaki drill tropical shirts and trousers or Bermuda shorts, worn with black Sam Browne.... Become the Commandant General of the police hat forces in most of the police forces most! Been serving Hong Kong and Skyscraper Kong are equipped with both red and blue vehicle! 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Featherstone, Yunqing Li, and Suzanne Sutphin Sergeant ranks had their whistle taken off to the benefits by. Vests with white sleeves are an alternative branch: Reflective yellow jacket and navy riding... Identification numbers also violated the Bill of Rights is vested in the 2010s, the police hat the formal of! Insignia from the order of the chief Magistrate. [ 1 ] were modified with the handover sovereignty. Dark tunic train in Hong Kong generally assists the superintendent of police was Captain William Caine who! White ( similar to No.3 Warm weather ceremonial uniform ) or dark tunic a constant for. Again in May 1946 by the British Hong Kong government on hong kong policing system May 1844 electric scooters their... The inaugural force consisted of thirty-two men seen in some of the older Hong Kong protests 2019–20. Insignia on the community 's local color and hue in practice 10 new electric scooters for efforts! 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