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Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder and one of the most common causes of intellectual disability (Carr, 1995). Down syndrome is a lifelong condition. Typically, each cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes, with half coming from each parent [1]. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder and the most common autosomal chromosome abnormality in humans, where extra genetic material from chromosome 21 is transferred to a newly formed embryo. Down syndrome is one of the most leading causes of in-tellectual disability and millions of these patients face various health issues including learning and memory, congenital heart diseases(CHD), Alzheimer’s diseases (AD), leukemia, cancers and Hirschprung disease(HD). Down syndrome affects a person’s development in certain ways, but it is not the most important influence on how that person develops and lives their life. Part II: clinical practice guidelines for adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome: 12 to 21 years. Treatment of down syndrome-Down’s Syndrome cannot be cured. Those therapies and treatments are speech-language therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, assistive technology and special education. Oral hygiene was similar in the lower age groups but deteriorated with age in the Down syndrome group. Treatment for Down syndrome varies. In recent times, progress in medical and social sciences has very much improved the health and the quality of life enjoyed by people with Down syndrome. Current views on intervention are also described. with Down syndrome may encounter with advancing age. There may be more pressing medical problems, financial considerations or parents may want to wait until the child seems mature enough to handle a visit to the dentist. • Pathophysiology of Down Syndrome and Disease Progression • Down Syndrome-Related Conditions: Screening, Diagnosis, and Functional Measures • Treatment and Management • Down Syndrome and Aging • Research Infrastructure Included within each of these goals are more specific objectives designed to move forward these areas of research. Disease Pathophysiology Down Syndrome is a genetically occurred disordered due the presence of third copy of chromosome. Genes hold the keys how your body looks and works. Down Syndrome (DS) is a chromosomal alteration. Women with Down syndrome may have a slightly reduced fertility rate but can have children. However, it has now been found that early intervention and training in fields of speech and play can help these children to become independent in daily life skills. Down syndrome is by far the most common and best known chromosomal disorder in humans and the most common cause of intellectual disability. People with Down syndrome have no . Down syndrome As of 1950s, life expectancy for people with Down syndrome was as low as 15 years of age. It is a lifelong condition that develops when a baby is still in the womb (uterus). It is also known as trisomy 21. down syndrome. This thesis will focus on children with Down syndrome. For most people with Down syndrome, this anomaly causes a host of distinctive physical characteristics as well as potential health and medical problems. Does a Child with Down Syndrome Get Along Well with other Children? It typically starts in early childhood. • Down syndrome occurs in people of all races and economic levels. “Down syndrome from Epidemiologic Point of View”. Management of genetic syndromes, 2nd ed. In: Cassidy SB, Allanson JE, eds. Down's syndrome is a genetic disorder that was named after John Langdon Down, the doctor who first recognised it as a distinct condition in 1866. Children with Down syndrome are known for their happy attitudes, loving spirits, and playfulness. The incidence of trisomy is … The purpose is for you and your child with Down syndrome to learn to cope with the condition, as well as treat what physical and cognitive (thinking) challenges arise. On an average the IQ of a patient suffering with Down Syndrome is 50. Just because the child with Down syndrome may look different doesn’t mean he/ she has no feelings. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder in which there is an extra full or partial chromosome 21. A few studies indicate that some adults with Down syndrome develop disease of their heart valves later in life. The New Zealand Disability Strategy, released on 30 April 2001, aims to eliminate barriers that prevent or reduce the participation of people with disabilities in their communities and In Australia today, most people with Down syndrome will enjoy a long and healthy life. These extra genes and DNA cause changes in the development of the embryo and fetus resulting in physical and mental abnormalities. Down syndrome cannot be cured. People with the syndrome experience problems with learning and memory that affect many aspects of their lives. Dental treatment for children with Down syndrome may not be sought out at an early age. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. For Down Syndrome, there are therapies, treatments, and educational support available to improve the quality of life of those affected. Down Syndrome Association of West MI Section 1, Page 3 Guide for Teens & Young Adults with DS July 2010 disease ... Others have not had the heart condition corrected and many will need ongoing treatment. Most of these services focus on helping children with Down syndrome develop to their full potential. Methods Using the REDCap platform, an electronic survey was created which consisted of 12 questions organized into sections regarding responder demographic characteris-tics, assessment and evaluation, and treatment approach of inflammatory arthritis in Down syndrome. They Because Down syndrome affects everyone who has it in different ways, there’s no one-size-fits-all approach to treatment. Down syndrome (sometimes called Down’s syndrome) it is a condition in which a child is born with an additional copy of its 21st chromosome, its second name is Triso my 21.In other words, Trisomy 21 and Down Syndrome Treatment refer to the same disorder. Because children with Down syndrome often have small mouths and slightly enlarged tongues, they can have trouble speaking clearly. Down Syndrome Title of Guideline (must include the word “Guideline” (not protocol, policy, procedure etc) Guideline for the Management of Children with Down Syndrome Contact Name and Job Title (author) Dr. Liz Marder Consultant Paediatrician Dr Claire McCall Associate Specialist The chance of having a baby with Down syndrome increases as a woman gets older. They may include speech, physical, occupational, and/or educational therapy. unique oral health problems. The older the mother, the higher the risk of having a baby with Down syndrome. However, some of the problems they have tend to be frequent and severe. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Liss; 2005:191-210. EC Paediatrics 2.1 (2015): 82-91. Early treatment programs can help improve skills. Down syndrome is a complex condition that results from having a third copy of human chromosome 21. Women can reduce the risk of Down syndrome by giving birth before age 35. List’ (Down Syndrome Medical Interest Group 1999) were especially useful. Hunter AGW. 1,2 Although DS-ML is highly curable, the prognosis of DS-ALL is relatively poor compared with the excellent outcomes for … People with Down syndrome have distinctive facial features, which make them immediately identifiable to others and may mean that people with Down syndrome identify Roughly 50% of children born to a woman with Down syndrome will have Down syndrome. With support and treatment, many people with Down syndrome live happy, productive lives. Approximately one in every 700 babies in the United States is born with Down syndrome –about 6,000 each year. Down's syndrome affects a baby's normal physical development and causes mild to moderate learning difficulties. • The incidence of births of children with Down syndrome increases with the age of the mother. Result: Participants with Down syndrome had poorer oral hygiene than controls, with no significant sex difference. Conclusion: Individuals with Down syndrome in Nigeria have poorer oral health and more treatment needs than controls. Chromosomes are structures found in every cell of the body that contain genetic material and are responsible for determining anything ranging from your eye colour to your height. The first test, a rapid blood test (FISH), confirms the presence of extra material from chromosome 21. treatment approaches of DA. Clinicians can usually tell if a baby should be tested for Down syndrome based on a physical examination. Short interval between pregnancies might increase the risk of subsequently bearing a child with DS due to increased vulnerability to Down syndrome. Down syndrome is incurable and efforts to manage the condition are focused on early childhood intervention, education and proper support and care. Services early in life will often help babies and children with Down syndrome to improve their physical and intellectual abilities. People with Down syndrome demonstrate a wide range of capabilities. phonological development of children with Down syndrome with attention to underlying defi cits and to the speech characteristics of prelinguistic vocalisations as well as words and conversation. Treatment & Therapies Although most children with Down syndrome learn to speak and will use speech as their primary means of communication, they will understand language and have the desire to communicate well before they are able to speak. Men with Down syndrome have generally been considered to be sterile, although there is one reported case of a man with Down syndrome fathering a child. 5. oral Health problems in down syndrome and strategies for Care. report on successful drug treatment of learning deficits in an animal model of Down syndrome. Down Syndrome Treatment. Down syndrome or at least improve the quality of life for those who have it. Keywords - Down syndrome, phonological development, prelinguistic development, intelligibility, It is primarily caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (see the image below), which gives rise to multiple systemic complications as part of the syndrome. Treatments. For anyone receiving the news for the first time, the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease can be overwhelming. This extra genetic material causes the developmental changes and physical features of Down syndrome. Down syndrome can’t be prevented, but parents can take steps that may reduce the risk. There is no medicine or treatment that can eliminate the existence of the extra chromosome. Down syndrome from Epidemiologic Point of View 84 Citation: Mohammed Al-Biltagi. Down syndrome can also be diagnosed after a baby is born. In this issue of Science Translational Medicine , Salehi et al . A speech … Van Cleve SN, Cannon S, Cohen WI. 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