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Nike has contracted with more than 700 shops around the world and has offices located in 45 countries outside the United States. Nike founder Phil Knight reached a deal with Onitsuka Company, a Japanese shoe manufacturer, to allow him to distribute their Tiger running shoes in the Western United States. [25] In 1990, Nike moved into its eight-building World Headquarters campus in Beaverton, Oregon. The model was subsequently withdrawn after Colin Kaepernick told the brand he and others found the flag offensive because of its association with slavery. The company's goal is to raise and send funds, for education and medical assistance to those who live in areas heavily effected by AIDS. [100][101][102], On November 5, 2017, the Paradise Papers, a set of confidential electronic documents relating to offshore investment, revealed that Nike is among the corporations that used offshore companies to avoid taxes. Their first products were track running shoes. [120] Nike's decision was praised by others due to the use of the flag by white nationalists,[119] but the Anti-Defamation League's Center on Extremism has declined to add the flag to its database of "hate symbols. While the product generates useful statistics, it has been criticized by researchers who were able to identify users' RFID devices from 60 feet (18 m) away using small, concealable intelligence motes in a wireless sensor network. [37] The company acquired Starter in 2004[38] and soccer uniform maker Umbro in 2007.[39]. [59], The Nike brand, with its distinct V-shaped logo, quickly became regarded as a status symbol[60] in modern urban fashion and hip-hop fashion[61] due to its association with success in sport. It is correctly pronounced ‘ny-kee’ … Oct 15, 2013. Nike, Inc., formerly (1964–78) Blue Ribbon Sports, American sportswear company headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon. Over 3,900 employees from various Nike stores have participated in teaching children to be active and healthy. BRS prepared to launch its own line of footwear, which was rebranded as Nike, and would bear the Swoosh newly designed by Carolyn Davidson. [117][118][119], Nike's decision to withdraw the product drew criticism from Arizona's Republican Governor, Doug Ducey, and Texas's Republican Senator Ted Cruz. news "[123], In 2007, New England-based environmental organization Clean Air-Cool Planet ranked Nike among the top three companies (out of 56) in a survey of climate-friendly companies. [108] In response, some people set fire to their own Nike-branded clothes and shoes or cut the Nike swoosh logo out of their clothes, and the Fraternal Order of Police called the advertisement an "insult";[109][110][111] others, such as LeBron James,[112] Serena Williams,[113] and the National Black Police Association,[111] praised Nike for its campaign. [49] In 2008, Nike introduced the Air Jordan XX3, a high-performance basketball shoe designed with the environment in mind. Nike Founder. [86] Another significant development at this time was the Chuck Taylor All-Star Modern, an update of the classic basketball sneaker that incorporated the circular knit upper and cushioned foam sole of Nike's Air Jordans. Updates? Bill Bowerman Co-Founder of Nike dies at the age 88 Sep 4, 2006. [30], In a company public announcement on March 15, 2018, Nike CEO Mark Parker said Trevor Edwards, a top Nike executive who was seen as a potential successor to the chief executive, was relinquishing his position as Nike's brand president and would retire in August. [20], Wieden+Kennedy, Nike's primary ad agency, has worked with Nike to create many print and television advertisements, and Wieden+Kennedy remains Nike's primary ad agency. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. [26] The first Nike retail store, dubbed Niketown, opened in downtown Portland in November of that year. [28][29] He officially stepped down from all duties with the company on June 30, 2016. Carolyn Davidson, a student at Portland State University during the time Knight taught there, created the logo, attempting to convey motion in its design. What was born was the “waffle tread” we still see on Nike’s iconic footwear today. The campaign's mission is to prevent the transmission of the HIV virus from mother to child by 2015 (the campaign's byline is "Fighting For An AIDS Free Generation"). Ronaldo’s immense marketability was at the centre of a legal issue that arose in June 2017. Bill Bowerman was a nationally-renowned track and field coach at the University of Oregon. [88], Nike's world headquarters are surrounded by the city of Beaverton but are within unincorporated Washington County. The material that is produced is then used to help create sports surfaces such as basketball courts, running tracks, and playgrounds. [103][104][105], Appleby documents detail how Nike boosted its after-tax profits by, among other maneuvers, transferring ownership of its Swoosh trademark to a Bermudan subsidiary, Nike International Ltd. [169], Nike maintains strong ties, both directly and through partnerships with Phil Knight, with the University of Oregon. It wasn't until May 30 th , 1971 that the company took the name Nike, which is the name of the Greek goddess of victory. Upon changing its name to Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1971, the company adopted the Swoosh as its official logo the same year. In late June 2005, Nike received criticism from Ian MacKaye, owner of Dischord Records, guitarist/vocalist for Fugazi and The Evens, and front man of the defunct punk band Minor Threat, for appropriating imagery and text from Minor Threat's 1981 self-titled album's cover art in a flyer promoting Nike Skateboarding's 2005 East Coast demo tour.[138]. October 15, 2000", More than ten thousand workers stage strike at massive Dongguan shoe factory, Yue Yuen shoe factory workers' strike at Dongguan plants continues, Yue Yuen strikers vow to continue until benefit contribution deficit paid in full, 'Paradise papers' expose tax evasion schemes of the global elite, "Offshore Trove Exposes Trump-Russia Links And Piggy Banks Of The Wealthiest 1 Percent", International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, "How NikeStays One Step Ahead of the Regulators: When One Tax Loophole Closes, Another Opens", "Nike Falls as Critics Fume on Social Media Over Kaepernick Deal", "Colin Kaepernick Named Face of Nike's 30th Anniversary of 'Just Do It' Campaign", "People Are Already Burning Their Nikes in Response to the Colin Kaepernick Ad", "People are destroying their Nike shoes and socks to protest Nike's Colin Kaepernick ad campaign", "The National Black Police Association Is In Full Support Of Nike's Colin Kaepernick Ad", "LeBron 'Stands with Nike' in Support of Colin Kaepernick's Campaign", "Serena Williams supports Nike's decision to endorse Colin Kaepernick", "College of the Ozarks drops Nike, will 'choose country over company, "Nike Orders Rose in Four-Day Period After Kaepernick Ad Debut", "Nike hit by conservative backlash over 'racist trainer, "Nike Nixes 'Betsy Ross Flag' Shoe After Kaepernick Intervenes", "Nike pulls Fourth of July trainers after Colin Kaepernick 'raises concerns, "Nike 'pulls Betsy Ross flag trainer after Kaepernick complaint, "Nike Pulls 'Betsy Ross Flag' Sneakers After Kaepernick Complaint", "Nike fans the flames of the culture war", "Pence backs Hong Kong protests in China speech, slams NBA and Nike", "World Athletics modifies rules governing competition shoes for elite athletes", "Nike's Vaporfly shoes changed running, and the track and field world is still sifting through the fallout", "Health Survey of Workers Exposed to Mixed Solvent and Ergonomic Hazards in Footwear and Equipment Factory Workers in Thailand", "W+K Finds Its First Ads Ever, for Nike, on Dusty Old Tapes", "Nike's Knight Is Advertiser of the Year", "The Media Business – Advertising – Addenda – Nike Spot Wins An Emmy Award", "A Nike Poster Upsets Fans of the Punk Rock Band Minor Threat in a Major Way", "Nike courts controversy, publicity with drug-themed skater shirts", "Nike Inc. (NYSE:NKE) Facing Slogan Backlash", "The Hornets will be the only NBA team to have jerseys licensed by Jumpman", "Fire on the Track - The Steve Prefontaine Story - Part 1", "23 years later, Air Jordans maintain mystique", "Joe Paterno's Name Removed From Child Development Center at Nike Headquarters", "Jogadores de Futebol Patrocinados pela Nike", "Nike offers further backing for Asian soccer", "Premier League: Sportswear giants Nike to end Manchester United sponsorship", "Manchester United sign record 10-year kit deal with Adidas worth £750m", "LFC announces multi-year partnership with Nike as official kit supplier from 2020-21", https://news.nike.com/news/the-history-of-nike-tennis, "Nike welcomes Tiger Woods back to the Masters with ad featuring his greatest hits", "Rory McIlroy, Nike and the $250m, 10-year sponsorship deal", "Sources: NBA, Nike have near-$1B apparel deal", "Nike Zoom Kobe 4 Protro 'White/Del Sol' POP Returns May 24 On SNKRS", "Vince Carter Nike Shox BB4 Raptors PE | SneakerNews.com", "The story behind Paul George's signature sneaker", "Nike stocks fall after basketball prodigy touted as the 'next LeBron James' blows out his sneaker", "Oregon Ducks add orange to their Nike uniform repertoire for Colorado game", "The Big Ten and Pac-12 postponed the college football season. Nike Air Max is a line of shoes first released by Nike, Inc. in 1987. Under that bill's terms, Beaverton is specifically barred from forcibly annexing the land that Nike and Columbia Sportswear occupy in Washington County for 35 years, while Electro Scientific Industries and Tektronix receive the same protection for 30 years. The deal includes using Nike's range of golf clubs, a move Nick Faldo previously described as "dangerous" for McIlroy's game. [77] [137], That same year, Apple Records sued Nike Inc., Capitol Records Inc., EMI Records Inc. and Wieden+Kennedy for $15 million. The company was founded in 1964 and is headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon. ", "Truant officer was Olympic hero Emerson High has gold medalist in midst", "Logos that became legends: Icons from the world of advertising", "Ad Age Advertising Century: Top 10 Slogans", "Nike's 'Just Do It' slogan celebrates 20 years", "The Birth of 'Just Do It' and Other Magic Words", "As Nike looks to expand, it already has a 22-building empire", "NikeTown Portland to close forever [at its original location] on Friday", "Nike chairman Phil Knight to step down in 2016", "How Phil Knight turned the Nike brand into a global powerhouse", "Nike Cofounder And Chairman Phil Knight Officially Retires From The Board", "Nike Executive Resigns; C.E.O. Nike sponsors many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of "Just Do It" and the Swoosh logo. From the late 1980s Nike steadily expanded its business and diversified its product line through numerous acquisitions, including the shoe companies Cole Haan (1988; sold in 2012) and Converse, Inc. (2003), the sports-equipment producer Canstar Sports, Inc. (1994; later called Bauer and sold in 2008), and the athletic apparel and equipment company Umbro (2008; sold in 2012). The company was renamed Nike, Inc., in 1978 and went public two years later. This moment took place on a Sunday in early 1971, when the eventual Nike company co-founder opened up his waffle iron and dumped a glop of liquid urethane in an attempt to explore a new traction idea. They stated that the people who designed it were skateboarders and Minor Threat fans themselves who created the advertisement out of respect and appreciation for the band. [135] The second was for a 2002 spot called "Move," which featured a series of famous and everyday athletes in a variety of athletic pursuits. Additional product lines were introduced later, such as Air Huarache, which debuted in 1992. [54] The Air Zoom Vomero running shoe, introduced in 2006 and currently in its 11th generation, featured a combination of groundbreaking innovations including a full-length air cushioned sole,[55] an external heel counter, a crashpad in the heel for shock absorption, and Fit Frame technology for a stable fit. [11] In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. [35] The company sold Umbro in 2012 [41] and Cole Haan in 2013. Omissions? By the early 21st century, Nike had retail outlets and distributors in more than 170 countries, and its logo—a curved check mark called the “swoosh”—was recognized throughout the world. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nike-Inc, American Studies at the University of Virginia - Nike History and Timeline. [171] New unique combinations are issued before every game day. There is an immutable conflict at add life and in business, a continuing battle between peace and chaos. Featuring the new Vaporfly NEXT%", Aaliyah, Nino Brown and Freddy Kruger socks, "The Michael J. Bill Bowerman made the first pair of shoes for me. [141], In June 2015, Nike signed an 8-year deal with the NBA to become the official uniform supplier for the league, beginning with the 2017–18 season. [106], In September 2018, Nike announced it had signed former American football quarterback Colin Kaepernick, noted for his controversial decision to kneel during the playing of the US national anthem, to a long-term advertising campaign. They opened their first retail outlet in 1966 and launched the Nike brand shoe in 1972. From the late 2000s into the 2010s, Nike Elite basketball socks began to be worn as everyday clothes by hip-hop fans and young children. In the early 21st century Nike began selling sports-technology accessories, including portable heart-rate monitors and high-altitude wrist compasses. [129] This program is Nike's longest-running program that benefits both the environment and the community by collecting old athletic shoes of any type in order to process and recycle them. [43], On December 19, 2013, Nike's quarterly profit rose due to a 13 percent increase in global orders for merchandise since April of that year. [154] Nike still has many of the top teams playing in their uniforms, including: FC Barcelona, Paris Saint-Germain and Liverpool (the latter from the 2020–21 season),[155] and the national teams of Brazil, France, England, Portugal and the Netherlands among many others. Part of Nike’s success is owed to endorsements by such athletes as Michael Jordan, Mia Hamm, Roger Federer, and Tiger Woods. Nike co-founder and Chairman Emeritus Phil Knight donated more than $900 million to the Knight Foundation, which he established in 1997 with his wife, Penelope. As of 2020, it employed 76,700 people worldwide. [89] Nike is planning to build a 3.2 million square foot expansion to its World Headquarters in Beaverton. [146], Nike is a major sponsor of the athletic programs at Penn State University and named its first child care facility after Joe Paterno when it opened in 1990 at the company's headquarters. Nike also sells shoes for outdoor activities such as tennis, golf, skateboarding, association football, baseball, American football, cycling, volleyball, wrestling, cheerleading, aquatic activities, auto racing, and other athletic and recreational uses. [164][165][166][167][168], A news report originating from CNN reported that Nike spent $11.5 billion, nearly a third of its sales, on marketing and endorsement contracts in the year 2018. Both Bowerman and Knight felt that shoe technology could be improved. Bill Bowerman with an Oregon track athlete circa 1969. On 30th May 1978, Nike, Inc. became official. 2002 Rap Star Nelly releases a chart topping song about Air Force Ones. It was the first decrease in six years. That month prosecutors filed a lawsuit that accused Ronaldo of defrauding the…. [174] His university projects often involve input from Nike designers and executives, such as Tinker Hatfield. As of July 23, 2020, Knight was ranked by Forbes as the 26th richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$39.2 billion. [46], For the fiscal year 2018, Nike reported earnings of US$1.933 billion, with an annual revenue of US$36.397 billion, an increase of 6.0% over the previous fiscal cycle. Nike shares (NKE) rose 0.6 percent to $78.75 in extended trading.[44]. [176], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}45°30′33″N 122°49′48″W / 45.5093°N 122.8299°W / 45.5093; -122.8299, This article is about the sportswear and apparel company. Nike produces sports shoes, sports wear and equipment for sports, athletes other products and range of … [129], A campaign that Nike began for Earth Day 2008 was a commercial that featured basketball star Steve Nash wearing Nike's Trash Talk Shoe, which had been constructed in February 2008 from pieces of leather and synthetic leather waste from factory floors. Corrections? [173], Phil Knight has invested substantial personal funds towards developing and maintaining the university's athletic apparatus. [15], By 1971, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger came to an end. Tetra is purchased by Nike, ensuring its role as the sole supplier of Air sole cushioning materials to Nike worldwide. Both domestically and overseas Nike operates retail stores, including Nike Towns and factory outlets. This could result in allergic reactions including asthmatic reactions.[131][132]. Nike Introduces Nike + Nike introduces Nike+ which syncs to an ipod and can caluculate how much you run. [163] Some have had signature shoes designed for them, including Kobe Bryant, Jason Kidd, Vince Carter and more recently LeBron James, Kevin Durant and Paul George, among others. Particularly popular[citation needed] were the unisex spandex Nike Tempo compression shorts[75] worn for cycling and running, which had a mesh lining, waterproofing, and, later in the 2000s, a zip pocket for a Walkman or MP3 player.[76]. [85], In March 2017, Nike announced its launch of a plus-size clothing line, which will feature new sizes 1X through 3X on more than 200 products. [58] At the time of this writing Nike had just released its newest product from the Vaporfly line, the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly NEXT%, which was marketed as "the fastest shoe we’ve ever made" using Nike's "two most innovative technologies, Nike ZoomX foam and VaporWeave material". [106] Although the subsidiary was effectively run by executives at Nike's main offices in Beaverton, Oregon—to the point where a duplicate of the Bermudan company's seal was needed—for tax purposes the subsidiary was treated as Bermuda. Robinson said the contract is a "wide endorsement" where Kaepernick will have his own branded line including shoes, shirts, jerseys and more. For other uses of the name "Nike", see, This list includes companies that produce sports equipment. Based out of Beaverton, Ore., the company is also parent to sunsidiaries the Jordan Brand, Converse, and Hurley. It was founded in 1964 as Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman, a track-and-field coach at the University of Oregon, and his former student Phil Knight. The company takes its name from Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. The NikeTown chain stores, the first of which opened in 1990, pay tribute to these and other company spokespersons while offering consumers a full range of Nike products. Here's how we got here", "Behind Oregon's (Phil) Knight in shining armor", "Nike Pledges $13.5 Million to Help Renovate University of Oregon Track Facilities", "Oregon Embraces 'University of Nike' Image", "Nike Community Ambassadors | Nike Global Community Impact", Nike says Iran World Cup saga is 'misleading', https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nike,_Inc.&oldid=995308911, Companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average, Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange, Multinational companies headquartered in the United States, Sporting goods manufacturers of the United States, Watch manufacturing companies of the United States, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Articles lacking reliable references from January 2020, Articles lacking reliable references from April 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 December 2020, at 10:14. Philip Hampson Knight (born February 24, 1938), is an American billionaire businessman. Later on that year, many protests occurred in big cities such as in Washington, DC and Boston in order to show public outcry for Nikes use of child labor and sweatshops. How Was Nike Founded? By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. A new name has yet to be announced. [95] The company has been subject to much critical coverage of the often poor working conditions and exploitation of cheap overseas labor employed in the free trade zones where their goods are typically manufactured. In 2012, Nike carried a commercial partnership with the Asian Football Confederation. [127] Nike has also been praised for its Nike Grind program, which closes the product lifecycle, by groups such as Climate Counts. Phil Knight is the richest person in Portland, Oregon with his $39 billion net worth. List by sport include only, This logo is still used on some retro products with red boxes. In 1967, due to increasing sales, BRS expanded retail and distribution operations on the East Coast, in Wellesley, Massachusetts. The slogan was an extremely accurate way to describe the situation LeBron was heading into in the NBA he was expected to be the new king of the NBA. [13], According to Otis Davis, a University of Oregon student athlete coached by Bowerman and Olympic gold medalist at the 1960 Summer Olympics, his coach made the first pair of Nike shoes for him, contradicting a claim that they were made for Phil Knight. [139] The dispute was eventually settled out of court between Nike and Minor Threat. [64] Limited edition sneakers and prototypes with a regional early release were known as Quickstrikes,[65] and became highly desirable items[66] for teenage members of the sneakerhead subculture. They continued the growth in the sport by signing more top players including: Ronaldo, Ronaldinho, Francesco Totti, Thierry Henry, Didier Drogba, Andrés Iniesta, Wayne Rooney and still have many of the sport's biggest stars under their name, with Cristiano Ronaldo, Zlatan Ibrahimović, Neymar, Harry Kane, Eden Hazard and Kylian Mbappé among others.[151]. The Trash Talk Shoe also featured a sole composed of ground-up rubber from a shoe recycling program. [142] Unlike previous deals, Nike's logo appear on NBA jerseys – a first for the league. Nike has been the sponsor for many top ranked tennis players. Phil Knight was a runner and was enrolled in Bowerman’s track program. Nike, Inc., American sportswear company headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon. [106] Under an arrangement with Dutch authorities, the tax break was to expire in 2014, so another reorganization transferred the intellectual property from the Bermudan company to a Dutch commanditaire vennootschap or limited partnership, Nike Innovate CV. Lebron James was given the Slogan "We are All Witnesses" when he signed with Nike. Because, as our co-founder said, if you have a body, you’re an athlete. 1993. Nike's first professional athlete endorser was Romanian tennis player Ilie Năstase. The factory employs 70,000 people. [114], During the following week, Nike's stock price fell 2.2%, even as online orders of Nike products rose 27% compared with the previous year. [156], Nike has sponsored Tiger Woods for much of his career, and remained on his side amid the controversies that shaped the golfer's career. I don't care what all the billionaires say. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 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