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[24], Later, in the quest for Terra Australis ("the [great] Southern Land"), Spanish explorations in the 17th century, such as the expedition led by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, discovered the Pitcairn and Vanuatu archipelagos, and sailed the Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea, named after navigator Luís Vaz de Torres. By at least 878 when there was a significant Islamic settlement in Canton much of this trade was controlled by Arabs or Muslims. The term "Seven Seas" appears as early as 2300 BC in Hymn 8 of the Sumerian Enheduanna to the goddess Inanna. [61], Turning eastward at about 45°N, the Kuroshio forks and some water moves northward as the Aleutian Current, while the rest turns southward to rejoin the North Equatorial Current. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world. The largest ocean in the world is the Pacific Ocean. separated from the Caribbean Sea by the Yucatan Channel, one of the strongest known currents in the world, flows through the Bering Strait to connect with the Arctic Ocean, resulting in the Bering Sea Fur-Seal Controversy of 1886, an astounding maximum depth of 16,457 feet, the center of various territorial disputes, reaches a staggering depth of 25,216 feet below sea level, the Strait of Gibraltar, which flows between Morocco and Spain, trading center and source of political conflicts throughout history, the smallest and shallowest of all oceans, 12 different species of mammals inhabit the Arctic, are technicians and scientific researchers, not all researchers or countries officially recognize its status, the Atlantic Ocean has the largest drainage area in the world, the African Easterly Jet is a primary force in stirring up and driving hurricanes, its mass makes up half of Earth’s water, reaching astounding depths of 36,201 feet in the Mariana Trench, got its name from explorer Ferdinand Magellan, 10 Largest Health Insurance Companies in the United States, 10 Largest Private Equity Companies in the World. [84], Marine pollution is a generic term for the harmful entry into the ocean of chemicals or particles. Ocean currents govern the world's weather and churn a kaleidoscope of life. The largest region of the Global Ocean, the Pacific Ocean has the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Southern Ocean to the south, Australia, and Asia to the west and the Americas to the east. The largest islands in the Indian Ocean are Sri Lanka and Madagascar, both of which are home to rich ecosystems of diverse and fascinating wildlife. It extends from the Antarctic region in the South to the Arctic in the north. "Problems of Pacific history. • Area: 615,000 square miles (1,592,800 sq km) • Average depth: 4,874 feet (1,486 m) • Ocean: Atlantic Ocean The Gulf of Mexico is the world's largest gulf, with 3,100 miles of shoreline (5,000 km). So, the Pacific is the largest and the Arctic is the smallest of all oceans by surface area. [24], Growing imperialism during the 19th century resulted in the occupation of much of Oceania by European powers, and later Japan and the United States. One of the most dramatic is the Great Barrier Reef off northeastern Australia with chains of reef patches. Containing almost twice as much as the world’s second largest body of water, the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean holds more than half of the Earth’s open water supply. Ocean currents are like giant conveyor belts flowing through the oceans moving huge amounts of water all the time. The equator divides the Pacific Ocean into two separate parts – North Pacific Ocean and South Pacific … Many tropical storms batter the islands of the Pacific. Covering approximately an entire fifth of the world’s surface, the Atlantic Ocean has the largest drainage area in the world. Pacific hurricanes form south of Mexico, sometimes striking the western Mexican coast and occasionally the southwestern United States between June and October, while typhoons forming in the northwestern Pacific moving into southeast and east Asia from May to December. In addition, the Pacific Ocean has served as the crash site of satellites, including Mars 96, Fobos-Grunt, and Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. [28] One of the earliest voyages of scientific exploration was organized by Spain in the Malaspina Expedition of 1789–1794. The Mesopotamians were the first in the history of astronomy to keep records of the observed seven moving objects in the heavens – the seven classical planets / Seven Heavens – and they made this connection to their seven seas. The Indonesian Seaway (including the Strait of Malacca and Torres Strait) joins the Pacific and the Indian Ocean to the west, and Drake Passage and the Strait of Magellan link the Pacific with the Atlantic Ocean on the east. Ocean circulation (caused by the Coriolis effect) subdivides it into two largely independent volumes of water, which meet at the equator: the North(ern) Pacific Ocean and South(ern) Pacific Ocean. The French explored and settled Polynesia, and the British made three voyages with James Cook to the South Pacific and Australia, Hawaii, and the North American Pacific Northwest. It is the biggest one on our planet. This tree largest … A second island type formed of coral is the uplifted coral platform, which is usually slightly larger than the low coral islands. The 'Ring of Fire' is defined by a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, island arcs, and volcanic mountain ranges and/or boundaries of several plates. One entire third of the world’s shipping passes through the South China Sea, making it an extremely important economic and political factor in world trade. It sailed vast areas of the Pacific, from Cape Horn to Alaska, Guam and the Philippines, New Zealand, Australia, and the South Pacific. On a worldwide scale, May is the least active month, while September is the most active month. The Indian Ocean’s deepest point, the Java Trench of Indonesia, reaches 25,344 ft below sea level. “The Asia-Pacific Idea: Reality and Representation in the Invention of a Regional Structure,”, Dixon, Chris, and David Drakakis-Smith. The Biggest Ocean in the World. The Pacific Ocean is by far the world's largest ocean at 60,060,700 square miles (155,557,000 sq km). The Japanese-ruled Northern Mariana Islands came under the control of the United States. A sea area of salt water of an ocean, or a large, usually salt water, closed lake (for example, the Caspian Sea and the Dead Sea). It’s so huge, in fact, that its mass makes up half of Earth’s water. Sigsbee Deep or the “Grand Canyon under the sea” is the deepest point in the Gulf of Mexico and reaches a depth of 14,383 feet. [44] Tsunamis, caused by underwater earthquakes, have devastated many islands and in some cases destroyed entire towns. The trade winds in the southern and eastern Pacific are remarkably steady while conditions in the North Pacific are far more varied with, for example, cold winter temperatures on the east coast of Russia contrasting with the milder weather off British Columbia during the winter months due to the preferred flow of ocean currents. The Pacific Ocean covers an area of about 168,723,000 square kilometers and is the world’s biggest ocean. [23] For the remainder of the 16th century, Spanish influence was paramount, with ships sailing from Mexico and Peru across the Pacific Ocean to the Philippines via Guam, and establishing the Spanish East Indies. The dissimilarity continues northeastward along the western edge of the Andes Cordillera along South America to Mexico, returning then to the islands off California. According to the CIA World Factbook, it covers 28 percent of the Earth and is equal in size to nearly all of the land area on the Earth. [51][52], Melanesia, to the southwest, includes New Guinea, the world's second largest island after Greenland and by far the largest of the Pacific islands. This is close to half of the water on Earth. The other main Melanesian groups from north to south are the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz, Vanuatu, Fiji and New Caledonia. Top Answer. Covering approximately 59 million square miles and containing more than half of the free water on Earth, the Pacific is by far the largest of the world’s ocean basins. That comes out (roughly) to 170 cubic miles of water. It is also the deepest ocean on Earth, reaching astounding depths of 36,201 feet in the Mariana Trench. By contrast, the Atlantic Ocean is increasing in size. This massive ocean takes up approximately 14% of the Earth’s surface and 20% of its overall ocean area, connecting with the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Name of the five oceans are the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic oceans (arranged in a descending order according to their size). It is also the deepest ocean on Earth, reaching astounding depths of 36,201 feet in the Mariana Trench. A petrologic boundary, it separates the deeper, mafic igneous rock of the Central Pacific Basin from the partially submerged continental areas of felsic igneous rock on its margins. They were part of a Spanish expedition to the Spice Islands that would eventually result in the first world circumnavigation. The Pacific Ocean is the largest body of water in the world and is a mind-blowing 46% of the Earth’s water surface and about one-third of its total surface area! [1], Due to the effects of plate tectonics, the Pacific Ocean is currently shrinking by roughly 2.5 cm (1 in) per year on three sides, roughly averaging 0.52 km2 (0.20 sq mi) a year. By now, you’re probably wondering just how huge the Earth’s oceans can get. The Great Barrier Reef, which is the largest coral reef in the world, is in Australia. Its southern arm becomes the chilled slow, south-flowing California Current. [1] The centers of both the Water Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere are in the Pacific Ocean. [87][88] Several nuclear weapons were lost in the Pacific Ocean,[89] including one-megaton bomb lost during the 1965 Philippine Sea A-4 incident.[90]. Since the early days of mankind, the seas have also been central to our survival by offering us food and the means of greater exploration. Covering an area of 2,172,000 sq. The Bay of Bengal also encloses some of the biggest ports in the world, namel… It’s so huge, in fact, that its mass makes up half of Earth’s water. Spain also sent expeditions to the Pacific Northwest, reaching Vancouver Island in southern Canada, and Alaska. Outside the andesite line, volcanism is of the explosive type, and the Pacific Ring of Fire is the world's foremost belt of explosive volcanism. [72], The andesite line is the most significant regional distinction in the Pacific. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all the oceans. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions. “Pacific-ing Asian Pacific American History,”, This page was last edited on 14 December 2020, at 06:13. What is the name of the worlds largest ocean? In fact, oceans cover more than 70% of Earth. If you look at a world map, you can see that Earth’s 5 oceans are vast. For the region in Colombia, see, Gerlach: Marine Pollution, Springer, Berlin (1975), List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean, "Deepest Submarine Dive in History, Five Deeps Expedition Conquers Challenger Deep", "CONFIRMED: Horizon Deep Second Deepest Point on the Planet", "Catholic Encyclopedia : Ferdinand Magellan", https://www.livescience.com/29533-the-worlds-biggest-oceans-and-seas.html, "Library Acquires Copy of 1507 Waldseemüller World Map – News Releases (Library of Congress)", https://www.guampedia.com/ferdinand-magellan/, "Charles Darwin's Travels on the HMS Beagle", "A Physical, Historical, Political, & Descriptive Geography", "This ocean has most of the islands in the world", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, "PWLF.org – The Pacific WildLife Foundation – The Pacific Ocean", "Wind Driven Surface Currents: Equatorial Currents Background", "ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions", Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory – Hurricane Research Division, "Frequently Asked Questions: When is hurricane season? [73] The andesite line follows the western edge of the islands off California and passes south of the Aleutian arc, along the eastern edge of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Kuril Islands, Japan, the Mariana Islands, the Solomon Islands, and New Zealand's North Island.[74][75]. Magellan called the ocean Pacífico (or "Pacific" meaning, "peaceful") because, after sailing through the stormy seas off Cape Horn, the expedition found calm waters. Oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the center of gyres and coastlines, frequently washing aground where it is known as beach litter. On the western side of the Pacific Ocean the Dutch threatened the Spanish Philippines. It is also bounded by the Antarctic Ocean in the south and the Arctic Ocean in the north. Officially known as the Commonwealth of Australia, the country is an Oceanian country. To the north, the Bering Strait connects the Pacific with the Arctic Ocean. Significant contributions to oceanographic knowledge were made by the voyages of HMS Beagle in the 1830s, with Charles Darwin aboard;[29] HMS Challenger during the 1870s;[30] the USS Tuscarora (1873–76);[31] and the German Gazelle (1874–76). [65], In the tropical and subtropical Pacific, the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects weather conditions. It touches the west coast border of the Americas along with east Asia and Australia. Covering approximately one-fifth of the total ocean area of the world. As the only known entrance from the Atlantic, the Strait of Magellan was at times patrolled by fleets sent to prevent entrance of non-Spanish ships. [54], Islands in the Pacific Ocean are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan, New Guinea, and New Zealand lie outside the andesite line. It is divided into five smaller oceans. [67] Worldwide, tropical cyclone activity peaks in late summer, when the difference between temperatures aloft and sea surface temperatures is the greatest; however, each particular basin has its own seasonal patterns. Water is always on the move. [41], As the Pacific straddles the 180th meridian, the West Pacific (or western Pacific, near Asia) is in the Eastern Hemisphere, while the East Pacific (or eastern Pacific, near the Americas) is in the Western Hemisphere.[42]. Trade, and therefore knowledge, extended to the Indonesian islands but apparently not Australia. ", Routledge, David. [56][57], Ladrilleros Beach in Colombia on the coast of Chocó natural region, Point Reyes headlands, Point Reyes National Seashore, California, Los Molinos on the coast of Southern Chile, The volume of the Pacific Ocean, representing about 50.1 percent of the world's oceanic water, has been estimated at some 714 million cubic kilometers (171 million cubic miles). Containing almost twice as much as the world's second largest body of water, the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean holds more than half of the Earth's open water supply. Located between the Southern Ocean, Asia, Australia and the Americas, the Pacific Ocean occupies about one-third of the Earth’s surface. See Answer. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the five. [45], The Martin Waldseemüller map of 1507 was the first to show the Americas separating two distinct oceans. Continental islands lie outside the andesite line and include New Guinea, the islands of New Zealand, and the Philippines. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions. The shallower shoreline waters of the continents and the more temperate islands yield herring, salmon, sardines, snapper, swordfish, and tuna, as well as shellfish. Top Answer. List of Oceans The bustling South China Sea is the center of various territorial disputes resulting from several Asian countries making overlapping territorial claims. [71], The ocean was first mapped by Abraham Ortelius; he called it Maris Pacifici following Ferdinand Magellan's description of it as "a pacific sea" during his circumnavigation from 1519 to 1522. This huge sea flows through the Bering Strait to connect with the Arctic Ocean, passing through the oceanic territory of both Russia and the United States. The Pacific separates Asia and Australia from the Americas. [17] Although Magellan himself died in the Philippines in 1521, Spanish navigator Juan Sebastián Elcano led the remains of the expedition back to Spain across the Indian Ocean and round the Cape of Good Hope, completing the first world circumnavigation in 1522. [64], The climate patterns of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres generally mirror each other. Earth’s beautiful oceans are some of the most striking natural features that we can observe and enjoy. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean covering more than 30% of the Earth. Its average depth is 4,280 m (14,040 ft; 2,340 fathoms), putting the total water volume at roughly 710,000,000 km3 (170,000,000 cu mi). Examples include Banaba (formerly Ocean Island) and Makatea in the Tuamotu group of French Polynesia. It encircles the periphery of the Pacific Ocean Basin. The western Pacific has many major marginal seas, including the South China Sea, the East China Sea, the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Philippine Sea, the Coral Sea, and the Tasman Sea. The Southern Pacific Ocean harbors the Southeast Indian Ridge crossing from south of Australia turning into the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (north of the South Pole) and merges with another ridge (south of South America) to form the East Pacific Rise which also connects with another ridge (south of North America) which overlooks the Juan de Fuca Ridge. In 219 BC Xu Fu sailed out into the Pacific searching for the elixir of immortality. [34](p53) By 1900 nearly all Pacific islands were in control of Britain, France, United States, Germany, Japan, and Chile.[33]. The exploitation of the Pacific's mineral wealth is hampered by the ocean's great depths. [79] Overfishing has become a serious problem in some areas. In 1520, navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew were the first to cross the Pacific in recorded history. It’s fed by the Carbibbean Current and the Antilles Current, and its warm waters are a breeding ground for storms. Indian ocean is world's only closed ocean due to it being land locked to its north by the continent of Asia. [5] The third deepest point on Earth, the Sirena Deep, is also located in the Mariana Trench. In 1768, Pierre-Antoine Véron, a young astronomer accompanying Louis Antoine de Bougainville on his voyage of exploration, established the width of the Pacific with precision for the first time in history. There are about 25,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean. Dutch explorers, sailing around southern Africa, also engaged in discovery and trade; Willem Janszoon, made the first completely documented European landing in Australia (1606), in Cape York Peninsula,[25] and Abel Janszoon Tasman circumnavigated and landed on parts of the Australian continental coast and discovered Tasmania and New Zealand in 1642. [82] The ever-growing Great Pacific garbage patch between California and Japan is three times the size of France. [63] The South Equatorial Current, flowing west along the equator, swings southward east of New Guinea, turns east at about 50°S, and joins the main westerly circulation of the South Pacific, which includes the Earth-circling Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The northernmost body of water in the world, as well as the smallest and shallowest of all oceans, the Arctic Ocean is home to a surprisingly diverse array of wildlife. [43] The lands around the Pacific Rim are full of volcanoes and often affected by earthquakes. Tropical cyclones also form in the South Pacific basin, where they occasionally impact island nations. A large amount of sea ice floats in the Arctic Ocean, helping to regulate Earth’s climate and the temperature of the surrounding waters. “The Pacific Asian Region: Myth or Reality?”. The Pacific Ocean was born 750 million years ago at the breakup of Rodinia, although it is generally called the Panthalassa until the breakup of Pangea, about 200 million years ago. Spanning an area of 168,723,000 square km, the Pacific Ocean accounts for … However, it receives very little continental drainage as compared to other oceans. Though the peoples of Asia and Oceania have traveled the Pacific Ocean since prehistoric times, the eastern Pacific was first sighted by Europeans in the early 16th century when Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513 and discovered the great "southern sea" which he named Mar del Sur (in Spanish). Here basaltic lavas gently flow out of rifts to build huge dome-shaped volcanic mountains whose eroded summits form island arcs, chains, and clusters. November is the only month in which all the tropical cyclone basins are active. Sadly, the fur seal population of the Bering Sea was aggressively hunted for their pelts, resulting in the Bering Sea Fur-Seal Controversy of 1886. [16] Magellan stopped at one uninhabited Pacific island before stopping at Guam in March 1521. 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