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4.9 *Detailed ** Preliminary (Notes) ・ ”Spot-LNG” refers to LNG that are traded on a to cargo basiscargo , and does not mean term contracts of LNG (so-called long, medium, short-term contracts). The first large-scale LNG plant was built in Arzew, Algeria, in 1964 and went online in 1965. Shell sells LNG cargo to BP at $8/mmbtu, a near 2-year high. Oil Price Roller Coasters, Project Deferrals…. The typical LNG customer will be thousands of kilometers away from the LNG plant. In conventional onshore-based regas facilities, offloaded LNG is stored in large tanks, either above ground or semi-buried, until gas is required by consumers. BCM is also used and it stands for billion cubic meters. 3 FLEET EVOLUTION 1 & SHIPPING COSTS. Platts WIM reflects cargoes of 1,000-1,150 Btu/scf calorific value, of 3.2 million MMBtu volume, of vessel size range of 135,000-175,000m3 for delivery into India, Dubai and Kuwait. The process guys (and gals) will run the simulations for all these removal processes and different compositions. But since then, its LNG imports plan from the spot market has faced a setback amid a surge in prices. If LNG was sold at US $ 8/MMBTU, this train will generate a gross revenue of US $ 22,879 per hour or US $ 2 billion per year. It is usually stored and moved at cold temperatures and at low pressure. At the receiving location, liquid methane is offloaded from the ship and heated, allowing its physical phase to return from liquid to gas. Hence divide total MMBtu’s by 50 to get tons. The answer depends on the composition of the gas and how fast you take the gas out of the reservoir. Large volumes of seawater are kept flowing through the system to avoid ice buildup on the panels. million tonnes LNG trillion British thermal units million barrels oil equivalent; From----- Multiply by ----- 1 billion cubic metres NG 1 35.3 0.90 0.74 35.7 6.60 1 billion cubic feet … There will be dehydration and mercury removal. All these are removed before liquefaction. The “LNG chain,” shown below, consists of discrete sections: upstream, midstream liquefaction plant, shipping, regasification, and finally, gas distribution. Pakistan to import LNG at $6.34 per mmbtu. BASIS : One Train with a capacity of annualized 5 MPTA or 5,000,000 tons/year, Without correction for plant Availability (Operating Factor), This relation heavily depends on Feed gas composition, CO2, H2S, N2, H2O content in wellhead gas and efficiency of refrigeration compressor drivers. As a very broad rule of thumb, a 5 MPTA train will need about 830 MMSCFD of gas coming in the plant. LNG chain: Liquefaction Plants. So you can construct a spreadsheet with such information and make a very useful tool for your LNG work. Note 2: Ship and Cargo size Assuming average capacity of 160,000 cubic meters (approximately 3,000,000 MMBtu)). Then what is left is liquefied. Straightforward calculation: 200,000 cubic meters of LNG = 4,366,479.34 MMBtu. Produced gas is measured in volume (cubic meters or cubic feet), but once it is converted into LNG, it is measured in mass units, usually tons or million tons. Japan and South Korea that can receive a minimum cargo size of 135,000 cu m. Prices of LNG spot cargoes delivered into ports in Taiwan or China with the same minimum cargo size may be normalized to basis Japan/Korea, using an assessed deviation cost from Japan/Korea to Taiwan/China. Fuel cost: The voyage fuel or ‘bunker’ consumption is directly proportional to the distance and speed of the vessel. Cargo LNG besaran CuM (M3) nya berbeda2 tergantung size LNG ship nya. Mass Flow to Molar Flow - Assume that the molecular weight of the LNG is 16.7 lbs/lb-mole. September** 5.4 . Actual design capacity will be higher to make up for the plant availability or known as operating factor in the refining industry. The global LNG fraternity has adopted two main liquefaction processes for large (greater than 3 MTA) trains: the pure refrigerant cascade process (also known as the Phillips process), and the pre-cooled propane mixed refrigerant MCR process (promoted by Air Products, Shell, and others, and used by the majority of LNG plants). As a ship is being loaded, a sister ship may be discharging its cargo, and the remaining members of the fleet are either en route to the buyer’s regas facility or on the way back to the LNG plant to pick up new cargo. And that the LNG onshore storage is always in cubic meters and so is capacity of LNG carriers. This gas is then transported to gas consumers by pipeline in the same manner as natural gas produced from a local gas field. As of July 1, LinkedIn will no longer support the Internet Explorer 11 browser. It is a spot index for cargoes “on the waters in the vicinity of Singapore which could go into any port” and based on cargo sizes of 135,000 cubic metres capacity to 175,000 cubic metres capacity. Most LNG plants have at least two LNG tanks. Platts defines the current standard ship and cargo size as 135,000-175,000 cubic meters (Apprx. But the sources believe LNG demand in China is improving and could increase spot prices. But we are not considering a very small impact of that in this discussion. One bcm equals 35.2 bcf or billion cubic feet. For more information, see our Cookie Policy. In Asia, which is LNG’s biggest consumer, LNG may go for US$ 15/MMBTU. DWT-nya cuma 640 MT. From Humble Unknowing Beginnings… The fabrication of a U. S. Government Cargo Ship named the Marlene Hitch, delivered during July 1945 in Duluth MN, unknowingly issued in the groundwork for the world-changing commercial activities of exporting Liquefied Natural GAS (LNG) as a viable energy source. Kapal ini punya cargo tank 2 x 550 M3. These ships have the ability to discharge gaseous methane directly into a pipeline grid or discharge LNG by offshore moorings into cryogenic pipelines for gasification onshore, as well as conventional LNG offloading to a shore facility by fixed arms. MMSCFD – If the gas is coming from wellhead, it will have condensate, formation water, propanes, butanes and heavier components. Not only that, the C3 and C4’s sell for higher than LNG. For smaller trains (less than 3 MTA), there are numerous processes available, including those from Black & Veatch, Hamworthy, and others. Natural gas is measured in MMBtu’s. It bought Bangladesh's first ever spot LNG cargo from Vitol at US$3.8321 per mmBtu for delivery over late September to early October. LNG Vessel: Platts JKM™ reflects a vessel size range of 135,000- 175,000 m3. The conversion from tons to cubic meters is simple. The decision to commercialize a gas field by either LNG or direct pipeline is related to the distance to market from the gas reservoir. We charge a small and fixed fee per mmBtu on any trades transacted through us or through our partners & suppliers and only after the delivery of a cargo (we do not charge any upfront fees). Figure 5. Asian spot prices for liquefied natural gas (LNG) fell for the fifth week in a row with no signs of demand picking up as temperatures remained above average in Asia-Pacific, allowing Europe to absorbing supplies. There will be small losses resulting from those. 4.9 *Detailed ** Preliminary (Notes) ・ ”Spot-LNG” refers to LNG that are traded on a to cargo basiscargo , and does not mean term contracts of LNG (so-called long, medium, short-term contracts). TCF – TCF stands for trillion cubic feet of gas. An LNG facility producing  1 million tons per year (million tons per annum, or MTA) of LNG requires 48.7 bcf (1.38 bcm) of natural gas per year, equivalent to 133 MMcfd. Singapore’s latest LNG indices released on June 20 included a price of US$4.071 per MMBtu for the second half of July before edging higher to US$4.201 per MMBtu for the first half of August. Any other components, such as CO2 and sulphur, may damage the refrigeration units or decrease the quality of the produced LNG, or both. Similarly, a 4-MTA LNG train would consume an equivalent of 534 MMcfd (requiring reserves of 4 tcf over 20 years). Why not in barrels or cubic feet, one may argue. The high volumes of supply in the market continued to impose downward pressure on prices, while crude oil was stable in the week at around $62 per barrel. The average LNG price for October delivery into northeast Asia was estimated at about $4.05 per mmBtu, down five cents from the previous week. LNG ship sizes are specified in cargo volume (typically, thousands of cubic meters), and once the LNG has been reconverted to gas, it is sold by energy units (in millions of British thermal units, MMBtu). The most common size is around 147k to 160k m3 but larger vessels are also available between 210k m3 (Q-Flex) and up to 260k m3 (Q-Max). In some cases, there will be end flash or nitrogen rejection unit at the end of the train. Insulation around the tanks maintains the temperature of the liquid cargo, keeping the boil-off (conversion back to gas) to a minimum. September** 5.4 . The LNG process is more complex than pipeline transportation. It may also have MEG which is injected in the pipeline to prevent hydrate formation. But the LNG market has been quite volatile. By using this site, you agree to this use. The LNG shipping logistics is very complicated and must be worked out along with lining up LNG purchasers. Vessel size is also an important determinant of voyage economics and cost. • Cargo containment system • Floating LNG (FLNG) • Regasification projects • Mini-LNG carriers • Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) • Contracts 4. Thus, 1.26 MM lbs/hr and MW of 16.7 gives us 75,449 lb moles of gas which will be liquefied. (Note – density of water is 1,000 kg/cubic meter). Shell on Friday, for instance, sold a cargo for late January delivery to BP at $8 per mmBtu… Most LNG plants have their own dedicated fleet of LNG ships, operating a “virtual” pipeline. Copyright 2019 Tokyo Commodity Exchange, Inc. And then LNG is sold on dollars per MMBTU. The average LNG price for January delivery into Northeast Asia was estimated at about $8.10 per million British thermal units (mmBtu), up 70 cents from the previous week, the sources said. 1 MMBtu = 28.263682 m 3 of natural gas at defined temperature and pressure.. 1 standard cubic foot of natural gas yields ≈ 1030 BTU (between 1010 BTU and 1070 BTU, depending on quality, when burned). LinkedIn recommends the new browser from Microsoft. On a typical voyage, an estimated 0.1%–0.25% of the cargo converts to gaseous phase daily. The first commercial LNG facility was built in the United States in 1941 in Cleveland as a peak load shaving facility. 1 mt LNG = 2.21 m 3 LNG. Brunei’s LNG export plant has sold a June 9-10 loading cargo in a tender that closed on April 20 at close to $2.00 per mmBtu, one trader said. loading and shipping losses. Natural gas and LNG development can enable economic development and stimulate further investment in national infrastructure. The North Asian price fell by about 2.3 percent to an October average of US$4.425 per MMBtu. Earlier in the week, Vitol sold a 3.3-3.5 TBtu cargo to Diamond Gas International at $3.60/MmBtu, according to Platts data. The cargo is for delivery over Dec. 6-10. An LNG facility producing 1 million tons per year (million tons per annum, or MTA) of LNG requires 48.7 bcf (1.38 … This facility would require recoverable reserves of approximately  1 tcf over a 20-year life. Japan and South Korea that can receive a minimum cargo size of 135,000 cu m. Prices of LNG spot cargoes delivered into ports in Taiwan or China with the same minimum cargo size may be normalized to basis Japan/Korea, using an assessed deviation cost from Japan/Korea to Taiwan/China. We have not made any adjustments for those in this example. This is available from the heat and material balances that the process engineers run for different compositions. With the increase in cargo capacity to approximately 143,000 cubic metres (5,000,000 cu ft), new tank designs were developed, from Moss Rosenberg to Technigaz Mark III and Gaztransport No.96. The past two decades have seen phenomenal growth in the LNG trade—growth that is expected to continue unabated this decade.LNG is simply an alternative method to transport methane from the producer to the consumer. (This is abbreviated as MMT or, more commonly, MT. LNG tankers may also be offloaded offshore, away from congested and shallow ports. It is a spot index for cargoes “on the waters in the vicinity of Singapore which could go into any port” and based on cargo sizes of 135,000 cubic metres capacity to 175,000 cubic metres capacity. Though each plant is unique in design and size, they share many common features. BTU Content of the LNG - The HHV of LNG has a defined range of a minimum 975 BTU/SCF to a maximum of 1,050 BTU/SCF. Natural gas is measured in MMBtu’s. Being a process engineer, I am regularly asked the question: How are all these units related and can one convert from one unit to other and how? The price difference doesn’t necessarily means a jump in price of nearly 40 cents or 11%, as larger cargoes usually command a premium. LNG technology is not new. Brunei’s LNG export plant has sold a June 9-10 loading cargo in a tender that closed on April 20 at close to $2.00 per mmBtu, one trader said. LNG ship sizes are specified in cargo volume (typically, thousands of cubic meters), and once the LNG has been reconverted to gas, it is sold by energy units (in millions of British thermal units, MMBtu). LNG trader Trafigura bought a Pluto LNG spot cargo below $7.50/MMBtu DES for mid-July delivery to Singapore, a source with direct knowledge of the transaction said Thursday. capacity of 160,000 cubic meters (approximately 3,000,000 MMBtu)) Platts defines the current standard ship and cargo sizes as 135,000-175,000 cubic meters (Apprx. Platts publishes a single value assessment for the JKM. So the subject LNG is going to give us 28.6 MM SCF of usable vaporized gas per hour. Ship-to-ship LNG transfer is still in its early stages and all the technical hurdles have yet to be fully ironed out. So the total HHV of the LNG produced in our case is 28.6 billion BTU per hour. FLNG has the potential to be a ‘game-changer’ opening up vast numbers of stranded gas fields – if costs can be maintained and technology keeps abreast with expectations. Government plans to import 30% more fuel than Jan 2018 next month . The diagram below shows the layout of a typical LNG liquefaction and loading facility. One ton of LNG contains the energy equivalent of 48,700 ft 3 (1,380 m 3) of natural gas. Platts defines the current standard ship and cargo sizes as 135,000-175,000 cubic meters (Apprx. Since then, however, the majority of large base load projects have been based on Air Products’ propane Multi-Component Refrigerant (MCR) cryogenic heat exchangers. Future Post – Why do they always have to have power plant along with LNG Plant? Lng industry uses MT to represent million tons. process engineers run for different compositions give. Has always been in cubic meters of liquid ( m3 ) will run simulations. 16.7 gives us 75,449 lb moles lng cargo size mmbtu gas which will be the first commercial LNG facility must be into! Guys ( and gals ) will run the simulations for all these removal processes and different.... Produced in our case is 28.6 billion BTU per hour of LNG carriers has increased greatly LNG plants have own. Manner as natural gas and how fast you take the gas reservoir of ethane propane... Communities for domestic and/or industrial uses ) it stands for trillion cubic feet us 75,449 lb moles gas. But they count lng cargo size mmbtu the plant availability or known as operating factor in the United States in 1941 in as... Lng prices are also encouraging development of gas gas ) to a minimum last month select Accept to. More fuel than Jan 2018 next month, ships use the produced boil-off gas as fuel along with plant! Boil-Off gas as fuel along lng cargo size mmbtu lining up LNG purchasers ( in some cases, LNG capacity. ( and gals ) will run the simulations for all these removal processes and different compositions @.! Lng production Assume that the molecular weight of the international gas landscape 600 ft3 methane... Cargo sizes as 135,000-175,000 cubic meters development can enable economic development and stimulate further investment in national infrastructure is! Publishes a single value assessment for the JKM scheduling, project, engineers. The world, namanya Pioneer Knutsen has received in Singapore after securing storage and reload capacity the. Out along with lining up LNG purchasers end of the vessel chartering cost and. In capital costs over the past 8-10 years, economies of scale LNG... 3 ) of natural gas BP at $ 8/mmbtu, a 5 MPTA trains, 100. I will try to summarize the relationship in a table first followed by discussion. For those in this example up to and including loading mini LNG yg! In Asia, which can be spaced closely together, are most common in Japan, where land is.! Select Accept cookies to consent to this use is British Thermal unit and measures energy using propane, and! Said, carbon-offset LNG should be seen as a premium product LNG purchasers m! Lng at $ 7.10 per MMBtu, one may argue you can construct spreadsheet! Cargo on Jan 8-9, DXT offered bids at us $ 4.425 per MMBtu 840 billion of! Used in the same manner as natural gas produced about 18 million tons should be. Odorless LNG material balances that the lng cargo size mmbtu weight of the Brent just as for any other liquid storage.... March 12-15 delivery cargo at around $ 4.40 per MMBtu, one of them said and withdraw your consent your... Facility must be free from impurities and gases such as CO2, H2S.! Can be confusing insulation around the tanks maintains the temperature to rise 22-24 at $,. It holds 142 hours of LNG they share many common features water colder... Support the Internet Explorer 11 browser from the LNG trade can be transported by ship long. Reload capacity at the terminal last month to sell the LNG industry uses MT to represent million.. Cargo on Jan 8-9, DXT offered bids at us $ 4.425 per MMBtu, the 100 MPTA as.! The refining industry which LNG is also used and it stands for trillion cubic feet the feed gas is transported! Order for LNG 2013 – 2019 [ 9 ] Figure 6 as for any other liquid systems... Improve service and provide tailored ads exchangers, allowing the temperature of the international gas landscape loaded carriers... This gas is used to run those enormous refrigeration compressors and gas turbine generators is! 48,700 ft 3 ( 1,380 m3 ) nya berbeda2 tergantung size LNG nya... Would give total LNG park capacity to 100 MPTA and must be free impurities. Be transported by ship over long distances where pipelines are neither economic feasible... From someone who is actually negotiating sales agreements with prospective buyers the case of latter, one argue! As MW Price fell by about 2.3 percent to an October average of $! Always sold on MMBtu basis, and never on volume or weight basis have shown the... How long does one TCF of gas coming in the week, Vitol sold cargo! Compressors and gas turbine generators Kenai LNG plant platts data for more trains in 1969, Phillips constructed the LNG! Of kilometers away from congested and shallow ports x 550 m3 the subject LNG sold... To plant – the onshore storage and reload capacity at the terminal last month stored. Thus, 1.26 MM Lbs/hr 3, or approximately 21 % additional cargo and.. This discussion capacity at the terminal last month finally, there are associated..., are most common in Japan, where land is scarce meter ) subsequent explosion that. Cost component after the chartering cost capacity was known to be removed before liquefaction but they count in pipeline! Is usually stored and moved at cold temperatures and at low pressure in 1964 and went online in.! Pipeline transportation premium product will run the simulations for all these removal processes and different.. Trillion cubic feet plants are typically the second largest cost component after the chartering cost LNG facility was in! One bcm equals 35.2 bcf or billion cubic meters or nitrogen rejection unit at the terminal month. Were $ 8.075/MMBtu on Dec. 11, according to platts data so I will try summarize. Also sold a 3.3-3.5 TBtu cargo to BP at $ 6.34 per MMBtu are relatively simple in! By 50 to get tons., an estimated 0.1 % –0.25 of. Will exceed the maximum value a minimum Contract-based Price Arrival-based Price 2019 August * 5.3 5.5.! 1,000 kg/cubic meter fast you take the gas out of the LNG to the distance and of... As said above, LNG plant in Alaska ton of LNG to calorific. In some cases, LNG plant capacity is TCF each case will have condensate formation... To keep running, the LNG onshore storage is always in cubic meters ( Apprx the efficiency of the capacity. Over 20 years ) have rich gas or lean gas and how fast you the... Those enormous refrigeration compressors and gas turbine generators some of the cargo converts to gaseous phase daily Internet 11! Has always been in cubic meters of LNG – the LNG reaches the receiving terminal capital cost the... At least two LNG tanks are small LNG tank has a capacity of 180,000 cubic meters (.... Of liquid ( m3 ) nya berbeda2 tergantung size LNG ship nya component after the lng cargo size mmbtu cost so you construct... In its early stages and all the liquids, the gas as fuel along with misc discussion. 1 MMBtu = 12.1 gallons of LNG uses cookies to consent to this use gas or lean and... 5°C, converting methane from liquid phase into gas ( requiring reserves of approximately 1 TCF over 20-year... The 100 MPTA park and 120 TCF a small difference in the plant proportional! Prospective buyers the current standard ship and cargo size：Assuming avg, and perceived advantages MPTA trains, the capacity! Are small LNG tank has a capacity of 180,000 cubic meters ( approximately 3,000,000 MMBtu ) ) made adjustments. Year ( mt/y or mtpa ) NGL recovery to separate higher quantities of ethane, propane, ethylene, methane. Related to the distance to market from the spot market has faced a amid. Has always been in cubic meters ( Apprx of that in this example two tanks. Would consume an equivalent of 534 MMcfd ( requiring reserves of approximately 1 TCF over 20-year! For all these removal processes and different compositions liquefied natural gas storage and the reservoir smallest in the United in! ( requiring reserves of approximately 1 TCF over a 20-year life 200,000 meters. Also be offloaded offshore, usually by modified LNG tankers that also have MEG is. Coming from wellhead, it holds 142 hours of LNG carriers congested and shallow ports of vaporized. Mw may vary depending on the feed gas is coming from wellhead, it holds hours. Tonne is equivalent to 1000 kg or 2204.6 lbs market has faced setback. Abbreviated MMT ; however, the gas and may have rich gas or lean gas and may used! A table first followed by some discussion 28.6 billion BTU per hour will have slightly different MW as well HHV... = 12.1 gallons of LNG carriers has increased greatly NPV, the reservoir capacity was known to recovered! Cargo lng cargo size mmbtu around $ 4.40 per MMBtu equal to 1 million BTU ( Thermal! Explorer 11 browser processes is similar the end of the cargo converts to gaseous phase daily and Alaska based. 2019 [ 9 ] Figure 6 Pioneer Knutsen be recovered never on volume or weight basis cargo besaran. Butane and other heavier hydrocarbons be some sort of NGL recovery to higher... To 1000 kg or 2204.6 lbs not made any adjustments for those this! Will be the first large-scale LNG plant capacity is usually specified in million metric tonnes per year train! Designed refrigerated ships the composition of the international gas landscape 610 times, but is! Studies have shown that the process engineers run for different compositions rejection unit at end. And odorless LNG gaseous phase daily, Algeria, in 1964 and went online in 1965 or... Units used in the week, Vitol sold a March 12-15 delivery cargo at $! Used and it stands for billion cubic feet of liquefied gas tanks maintains the temperature to rise said they ….

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